How Traits Change-DNA and Mutations

What is translation?

• Translation is the process where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

• Translation is the process of converting DNA into RNA.

• Translation is the process of replicating DNA strands.

• Translation is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids.

What is an insertion mutation?

• An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the resulting protein.

• An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence, leading to a frameshift.

• An insertion mutation is a type of mutation that only affects RNA sequences, not DNA.

• An insertion mutation is when a single nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

What is a deletion mutation?

• A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence, disrupting the reading frame of the gene.

• A mutation that adds one or more nucleotide bases to the DNA sequence, enhancing gene function.

• A mutation that replaces one nucleotide base with another, causing a change in the amino acid sequence.

• A mutation that occurs only in non-coding regions of DNA, having no effect on gene expression.

What is mRNA?

• A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• A type of protein that synthesizes DNA

• A type of enzyme that breaks down RNA

• A type of lipid involved in cell membrane structure

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

• A type of protein that helps in DNA replication.

• A molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

• A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a specific type of RNA.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations harmful?

• They can change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which alters the amino acid sequence and can lead to nonfunctional proteins.

• They only affect a single codon and do not impact the overall protein structure.

• They are always repaired by cellular mechanisms before they can cause harm.

• They have no effect on the protein sequence and function.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, reading the mRNA and assembling amino acids into proteins.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication in the nucleus.

• Ribosomes transport proteins to the cell membrane for secretion.

• Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids in the mitochondria.

What is transcription?

• The process of translating mRNA into protein.

• The process by which the information in a DNA strand is copied into a complementary mRNA strand.

• The process of replicating DNA before cell division.

• The process of synthesizing DNA from RNA.

What is DNA?

• A type of protein that provides energy to cells.

• A molecule that carries genetic instructions for life, made up of two strands forming a double helix.

• A carbohydrate that stores energy in living organisms.

• A lipid that forms the cell membrane.

What is a protein?

• Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids that perform a variety of functions in the body.

• Proteins are small, simple molecules that primarily store energy.

• Proteins are carbohydrates that help in cell division.

• Proteins are lipids that provide insulation to the body.