GCSE Biology AQA B14 Variation and Evolution

What causes variation in organisms?

• Only genetic causes

• Only environmental causes

• Both genetic and environmental causes

• Neither genetic nor environmental causes

What is the term for different versions of the same organism?

• Mutations

• Variants

• Phenotypes

• Ancestors

What is the effect of most mutations on the phenotype?

• They always cause a total change

• They never affect the phenotype

• They usually have no effect

• They always improve the phenotype

What process explains the adaptation of organisms to their environment?

• Genetic variation

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Common ancestry

What is selective breeding primarily used for?

• To increase genetic diversity

• To breed animals or plants with desired characteristics

• To create genetically modified organisms

• To reduce the yield of crops

What is a potential negative result of selective breeding?

• Increased genetic diversity

• Inbreeding - reduced genetic diversity

• Higher crop yields

• Resistance to diseases

What does genetic engineering involve?

• Breeding animals naturally

• Modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism

• Increasing the yield of crops through traditional farming

• Reducing the size of plants

What is a genetically modified organism?

• An organism with increased genetic diversity

• An organism that has been bred naturally

• An organism that has had its genome changed

• An organism with reduced yield

What is the role of a vector in genetic engineering?

• To increase the yield of crops

• To transfer a gene to the target organism

• To breed animals with desired traits

• To reduce the risk of diseases

What is a common concern about genetically modified crops?

• They are more nutritious

• They may affect wild flowers and insects

• They are easier to grow

• They have no impact on the environment