Chapter 5 Review

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• Tolerance

• Ability to survive and reproduce under changing conditions

• Evolution

• An organism’s rank in feeding hierarchy

• Gene

• Change over time

• Trophic level

• A consumer that kills and eats other animals

• Predator

• Sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• Decomposer

• Process by which two species evolve in response to each other

• Coevolution

• Visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow

• Food web

• An organism that breaks down nonliving matter into simpler parts

• Biomass

• Linear series of feeding relationships

• Food chain

• Total amount of living tissue

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• Resource partitioning

• Process of dividing resources used in common

• natural selection

• when traits that improve an organism's chance of survival are passed on more frequently than those that do not

• genetic drift

• Process of selection conducted under human direction

• adaptation

• Biological evolution that occurs by chance

• artificial selection

• heritable trait that increases an organisms fitness

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• parasitism

• relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed

• secondary succession

• relationship in which two or more species benefit

• primary succession

• Building of a community when bare rock, sand or sediment is exposed for the first time

• mutualism

• relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected

• commensalism

• Building of a community after a disturbance has altered it, but not destroyed all of the living things or matter in the soil

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• fitness

• Disappearance of a species

• Speciation

• Formation of a new species

• detritivore

• An organism that consumes nonliving organic matter

• pioneer species

• how reproductively successful an organism is in its environment

• Extinction

• Species that colonize newly exposed land

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• cellular respiration

• process by which producers use energy stored in chemical bonds to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars

• chemosynthesis

• Process by which producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen along the way

• pioneer species

• process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars

• photosynthesis

• species that colonize newly exposed land

• succession

• predictable series of changes over time

Match the following terms to the correct description.

• keystone species

• An organism that relies on others for energy and nutrients

• invasive species

• An animal that eats both plants and animals

• herbivore

• A species that has a wide-reaching or strong impact on a community

• carnivore

• Nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community

• omnivore

• An organism that is a primary consumer and eats plants

A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In years, immediately following the landslide, the area will experience

• Primary succession

• Secondary succession

• Tertiary succession

• Climax community

If these are present in a new environment, a species is less likely to become invasive

• Predators, parasites, and competitors

• Can toads, kudzu, and zebra mussels

• Exotic species

• Symbiotic and commensalism species

When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about

• 90 percent

• 50 percent

• 25 percent

• 10 percent