WH9 : Reading Check on North American Groups

What was the Chaco Phenomenon?

• A musical festival celebrated by the Ancestral Puebloans.

• A natural geological formation in Chaco Canyon (modern-day New Mexico).

• An ancient trade route connecting different tribes throughout the eastern part of the United States.

• A major cultural and architectural / building development among the ancestral Puebloans in Chaco Canyon.

As they expanded, how did humans impact the ecosystems on the islands in Pacific Oceania:

• Humans improved biodiversity and created new habitats.
• Humans had no significant impact on the ecosystems.
• Humans caused habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and ecological imbalance.

• Humans only introduced new species without any negative effects.

What did the phrase, “Hopewell Interaction Sphere” mean?

• A religious belief system practiced by these mound-building Native Americans.

• A network of trade and cultural exchange among Native American groups during the Hopewell period.

• A historical site of ancient ruins in Ohio where visitors engage with artifacts in a hands-on manner.

• A type of pottery unique to the Hopewell culture.

What can the island of Yap reveal about trade in Pacific Oceania?

• Yap demonstrates that trade was solely a means of survival without cultural significance.
• Yap reveals that trade in Pacific Oceania was deeply intertwined with social structures, cultural practices, and tribute.

• Yap shows that trade was primarily based on monetary systems - silver and gold coins.

• Yap indicates that trade in Pacific Oceania was limited to physical goods only.

According to a historian in the textbook, what was “the greatest maritime expansion known to history?”

• The settling of the Pacific Oceania region.

• The crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 by Columbus.

• The 2025 RPCS Polar Bear Plunge Team(s).

• The sea trade with the Swahili States of East Africa

What does this quote most reveal about Mississippian culture?
"The next day the cacique [paramount chief] arrived with 200 canoes filled with men, having weapons.... the warriors standing erect from bow to stern, holding bows and arrows.... [F]rom under the canopy where the chief man was, the course was directed and orders issued to the rest.... [W]hat with the awnings, the plumes, the shields, the pennons, and the number of people in the fleet, it appeared like a famous armada of galleys?

• Mississippian culture was primarily nomadic with no centralized leadership.
• The Mississippians focused solely on fishing and obtaining the majority of their food from the great river.

• Mississippian culture was characterized by organized leadership, military prowess, and a strong emphasis on communal identity.
• Mississippian culture was characterized by isolation and lack of communal activities.