Characteristics of RNA Quizs

What are the three parts of an RNA nucleotide?

• Ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

• Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

• Ribose sugar, sulfate group, and nitrogen base

• Ribose sugar, phosphate group, and amino acid

Answer explanation

An RNA nucleotide consists of three parts: ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. The correct choice highlights ribose, which distinguishes RNA from DNA, where deoxyribose is present.

The pentose sugar in an RNA molecule is:

• Deoxyribose

• Ribose

• Glucose

• Fructose

Answer explanation

The pentose sugar in RNA is ribose, which has an -OH group on the 2' carbon. In contrast, deoxyribose, found in DNA, lacks this -OH group. Glucose is not a component of RNA.

In RNA, adenine always pairs with _________.

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Thymine

Answer explanation

In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA. This pairing is crucial for the structure and function of RNA.

In DNA, adenine always pairs with _________.

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Uracil

Answer explanation

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs specifically with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, ensuring proper base pairing. This pairing is crucial for the stability of the DNA double helix structure.

What type of RNA is shown?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• ATP

Answer explanation

The correct answer is mRNA, or messenger RNA, which carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. tRNA and rRNA serve different roles in translation and protein assembly, while ATP is not a type of RNA.

What type of RNA transcribes the nucleotide sequence in a gene and carries the genetic information to the ribose?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• snRNA

Answer explanation

mRNA, or messenger RNA, transcribes the nucleotide sequence of a gene and carries this genetic information to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. This makes mRNA the correct answer.

Translation takes place in the _______ of a cell.

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

Answer explanation

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell, where ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA. While the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, the primary site is the cytoplasm.

The "Central Dogma" states that genetic information in a gene flows from:

• DNA -> RNA -> Protein

• RNA -> DNA -> Protein

• Protein -> RNA -> DNA

• DNA -> Protein -> RNA

Answer explanation

The "Central Dogma" describes the flow of genetic information as DNA being transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. Therefore, the correct sequence is DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Which organelle is the location where polypeptides are assembled?

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Golgi apparatus

Answer explanation

Polypeptides are assembled at the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Other organelles like the Golgi Body and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum are involved in processing and transporting proteins, not assembling them.

What is true regarding Transcription?

• It is the process in which RNA Polymerase creates an mRNA molecule from DNA.

• It is the process of translating mRNA into a protein.

• It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• It involves the replication of DNA strands.

Answer explanation

Transcription is the process where RNA Polymerase synthesizes an mRNA molecule from a DNA template, making the correct choice: 'It is the process in which RNA Polymerase creates an mRNA molecule from DNA.'