Middle Ages Terms

Serf

• A wealthy landowner who controls a large estate.

• A poor farmer who worked the land for a lord and was not free to leave.

• A skilled artisan who crafts goods for trade.

• A merchant who travels to sell products in different towns.

Fief

• A type of medieval weapon used in battles.

• Land given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.

• A title of nobility granted by a king.

• A form of currency used in feudal societies.

Feudalism

• A system where land was owned by kings or lords, but given to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service.

• A form of government where the people elect their leaders directly.

• A type of economic system based on trade and markets.

• A social structure where the king has absolute power over the land and its people.

Chivalry

• A code of behavior for knights, emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and respect.

• A set of rules for modern-day etiquette and manners.

• A historical document outlining the laws of medieval kingdoms.

• A philosophy advocating for peace and non-violence.

Manor

• A small village where peasants lived.

• A large estate where a lord lived, including farms, villages, and a castle or big house.

• A type of medieval weapon used in battles.

• A religious building where monks reside.

Tithe

• A tax people paid to the church, usually 10% of their earnings or crops.

• A type of offering given to the government for public services.

• A donation made to charity without any specific percentage.

• A fee paid to local authorities for land use.

Vassal

• A person who received land from a lord and promised to serve and protect them.

• A lord who grants land to a vassal.

• A knight who serves in the army of a king.

• A peasant who works the land for a lord.

Clergy

• Church leaders, such as priests, bishops, and the pope.

• Members of the congregation who attend services.

• Individuals who study religious texts but do not lead services.

• Laypeople who volunteer in church activities.

Tribute

• A type of tax imposed by a government

• A payment made by one group to another, often to show loyalty or avoid being attacked.

• A ceremonial gift given during festivals

• A loan given to support a business venture

Self-sufficient

• Able to provide everything needed without outside help, like food, clothes, and tools.

• Dependent on external resources for basic needs.

• Having a variety of skills but lacking in practical application.

• Relying on technology for all daily tasks.