CHAPTER 14: WATER RESOURCES

Dam

• a structure that allows water to flow freely

• an obstruction placed in a river or stream to block its flow

• a type of fish found in rivers

• a method of irrigation for crops

Salnization

• the buildup of salts in the surface layers of soil

• the process of soil erosion due to water

• the increase of organic matter in soil

• the formation of soil layers over time

Water table

• the boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation in an aquifer

• the level below which the ground is saturated with water

• the surface where groundwater meets the atmosphere

• the area where water is stored in the soil

Groundwater

• fresh water found below Earth’s surface

• salt water found in oceans

• water vapor in the atmosphere

• polluted water in rivers

Surface water

• fresh water found on Earth’s surface

• water that is underground

• salt water found in oceans

• water vapor in the atmosphere

Algal bloom

• the rapid growth of algae in an area that can cover the surface of the water and block sunlight from reaching plants below

• a type of water pollution caused by industrial waste

• the process of photosynthesis occurring in aquatic plants

• a phenomenon where fish populations increase rapidly

Pathogen

• a disease-causing organism

• a type of virus

• a form of bacteria

• a harmless microorganism

Nonpoint-source pollution

• pollution that comes from a single identifiable source

• pollution that comes from many places over a large area

• pollution that is easily controlled and managed

• pollution that is caused by industrial activities

Fresh water

• Water with high levels of dissolved salts

• Water that is relatively pure with few dissolved salts

• Water that is contaminated with pollutants

• Water that is heated to boiling point

Red tide

• A phenomenon caused by a harmful algal bloom that produces reddish pigments

• A type of ocean wave that appears red

• A method of fishing that involves using red nets

• A seasonal change in water temperature that causes algae to bloom