Functions Approaches to Goal-setting

What is the primary purpose of goals in an organization?

• to motivate employees

• to reduce costs

• to increase profits

• to provide direction for management decisions

Who typically sets goals in traditional goal-setting?

• customers

• employees

• middle managers

• top managers

What group assists top managers in the traditional planning process?

• Marketing department

• Planning department

• Sales team

• IT department

Why do top managers set goals in traditional approach?

• They see the "big picture"

• They are better workers

• They are more innovative

• They are better communicators

How do plans flow in the traditional goal-setting aproach?

• From top to bottom

• From bottom to top

• Horizontally across departments

• Randomly

How are goals passed down in the traditional goal-setting process?

• Through employee feedback

• From top managers to each organizational level

• Through customer surveys

• Via external consultants

What happens to the goals as they move down the organizational hierarchy?

• They become more general

• They are translated into subgoals

• They are outsourced

• They are dropped

What should managers set in an uncertain environment?

• Rigid plans

• Flexible goals

• No plans

• Only long-term plans

What is the means-ends chain?

• A network of goals where lower-level goals serve as means for higher-level goals

• A tool for financial planning

• A method for employee evaluation

• A strategy for market analysis

What is the alternative approach to traditional goal-setting mentioned in the text?

• Management by consensus

• Management by objectives

• Management by observation

• Management by outsourcing