Earth Materials and Properties

A consolidated aggregate of various types of minerals or a consolidated aggregate of multiple individual pieces (grains) of the same kind of mineral. Itis not one single uniform crystal.

Although a few rocks type are composed of many particles of a single mineral, most rocks consist of several different minerals. 

• True

• False

A conceptual model for understanding process that generate, alter, transport, and deposit mineral materials to produce different kinds of rocks. It also illustrates how geologic processes occurring both underneath and on the Earth’s surface can change a rock from one type to another.

Many rocks do not remain in their original form indefinitely but instead, over a long time, undergo processes of transformation.

• True

• False

The magma cools and solidifies through the process of _______________ which may occur either beneath the surface of Earth or at surface through volcanic 

eruption. The resulting rock is called igneous rocks.

The igneous rocks undergo weathering. The eroded materials are deposited as sediments. The sediments 

undergo _____________ (conversion into rock) to become sedimentary rocks when compacted and cemented.

If the sedimentary rocks are buried deep within Earth, they will be subjected to heat and pressure changing 

them into ___________ rocks.

 Formed from molten rock called magma which is found below Earth's surface and lava which is
found at the surface of the Earth that cools and solidifies.

• Igneous Rocks

• Sedimentary Rocks

• Metamorphic Rocks

Categories of Igneous Rocks: _________ Igneous Rock

Molten material that solidifies at Earth’s surface creates extrusive igneous rock, also called volcanic rock, 

with fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to huge variance in the temperature between Earth’s and does not promote the formation of large crystals.

Categories of Igneous Rocks: _________ Igneous Rock

When molten rock beneath Earth’s surface, that is, magma, changes to a solid (freezes), it forms intrusive igneous rock with gradual lowering of temperature is indicated by the movement of magma from depth to surface, causing slow cooling /crystallization forms large interlocking crystals