DNA Unit Exam Version B

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the structure of DNA?

• Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.

• Strands are held together by unbreakable chemical bonds.

• DNA is made of 2 strands made up of nucleotides.

• Strands are twisted into a helix.

Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Adenine

• Phosphate groups

Why is DNA important?

• It directs the production of proteins in living things.

• It is the major ingredient of cytoplasm.

• It is a part of the structure of cell membranes.

• It increases the solubility of nutrients.

What is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

• RNA has a phosphate group and DNA does not.

• RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose.

• RNA is a single strand and DNA is a double strand.

• RNA has Uracil and DNA has Thymine.

Codon

• Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

• Organelle that links amino acids together to form protein

• Molecule that makes up proteins

• Set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

10. DNA

• Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

• Molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms

• Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

• Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

When RNA is being transcribed from DNA, which base does the following base pair with? Adenine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

Why is binary fission important in prokaryotes?

• Since all prokaryotes are pathogenic, they need binary fission to continue the infection.

• Prokaryotes make plant cells, and binary fission is needed to convert sunlight into food.

• Prokaryotes are single-celled, so they need binary fission to reproduce.

• Prokaryotes are multicellular, so they need binary fission for growth and repair.

How does our body repair wounds?

• Prokaryotic cells divide and invade the wound tissue.

• Cells divide and differentiate into an entirely new layer of skin.

• Skin cells degrade and are replaced by stem cells.

• Cells in our skin, like fibroblasts and skin cells, divide through mitosis and fill the wound.

What happens if mitosis continues uncontrolled?

• Bacteria infections grow out of control.

• Wounds heal too quickly, preventing blood vessels from healing.

• Cancer can result.

• Cell differentiation occurs quickly in the new cells, healing wounds more quickly.