DNA & Protein Synthesis

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

• A process that repairs damaged DNA sequences.

• A type of genetic engineering used to create new species.

• A method of cell division that produces identical cells.

What is DNA replication?

• The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

• The process of breaking down DNA into smaller fragments.

• The process of synthesizing proteins from RNA.

• The process of repairing damaged DNA strands.

What is translation?

• The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

• The process of copying DNA into RNA.

• The process of breaking down proteins into amino acids.

• The process of converting glucose into energy.

The process of transcription happens in the _______.

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosome

• mitochondria

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is single-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is double-stranded and contains uracil.

• DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

• DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

• DNA is found in the nucleus, while RNA is found in the cytoplasm.

What are the building blocks of DNA?

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Fatty acids

• Monosaccharides

What best describes the human genome project?

• A global initiative to sequence the human genome.

• A project to clone human beings.

• An effort to map the human brain.

• A study on human evolution.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• mRNA helps in the formation of ribosomes.

• mRNA is responsible for the folding of proteins.

• mRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome.

What is a gene?

• A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis.

• A cellular structure that produces energy.

• A molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

Which model of DNA most accurately represents its shape?

• Single helix structure

• Triple helix structure

• Double helix structure

• Linear structure