Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Ideas

*Front:* Enlightenment Despotism

• A political system that rejects Enlightenment ideas

• A form of government that embraces Enlightenment ideas without giving up power

• A type of monarchy that promotes absolute rule

• A democratic system that encourages public participation

*Front:* Thomas Hobbes

• in strong central authority, "Leviathan"

• advocated for absolute monarchy

• believed in the social contract

• supported democracy

*Front:* Empiricism

• comes from sensory experience

• is based on intuition

• is derived from logical reasoning

• is a form of speculation

*Front:* David Hume

• Promoted the idea of skepticism and developed concepts of money flow with an economy

• Introduced the theory of relativity in physics

• Pioneered the concept of natural selection in biology

• Authored the Communist Manifesto

*Front:* Rationalism

• in reason as the primary source of knowledge

• in emotions as the primary source of knowledge

• in sensory experience as the primary source of knowledge

• in tradition as the primary source of knowledge

Voltaire

• advocating for freedom of speech & separation of church and state

• promoting absolute monarchy and censorship

• supporting the divine right of kings

• encouraging blind faith in religious institutions

*Front:* Denis Diderot

• spreading the teachings of the Enlightenment and science through his creation of the Encyclopédie

• writing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

• developing the theory of relativity

• founding the French Academy of Sciences

*Front:* Enlightenment

• movement emphasizing reason and individualism

• a period of artistic expression

• a religious revival

• a political revolution

*Front:* Montesquieu

• promoted the separation of powers in government

• advocated for absolute monarchy

• supported the idea of a theocracy

• believed in a single legislative body

*Front:* Humanism

• A belief system focused on human potential and achievements

• A philosophy that emphasizes the importance of divine intervention

• A doctrine that prioritizes economic growth over human welfare

• A movement that advocates for the suppression of individual rights