5.1 Changes in Populations Review

What is natural selection?

• The change in species that occurs over millions of years

• When organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to offspring

• The variety of traits that exist within a certain species of living thing.

• When people choose which traits gets passed from parent to offspring

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How does a species gain new traits?

• Changing to better fit the environment

• Genetic modification by humans

• Only from inheriting traits from parents

• Random genetic mutation

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What is genetic variation?

• When different versions of a trait (gene) exist within a population.

• When only the organisms with the best traits survive and reproduce.

• When species change over time due to natural selection.

• When humans manipulate the traits (genes) of an organism.

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True or False: individual organisms can change their traits to help them survive in their environment?

Will the percentage of light-colored rock-pocket mice in the image increase, decrease, or remain the same over time?

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What proportion of leaf insects coloration would be most likely if the insects lived in a tropical forest environment?

• 45% green; 55% yellow

• 10% green; 90% yellow

• 95% green; 5% yellow

• 50% green; 50% yellow

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There is a population of rabbits with two varieties: brown and white. Initially 50% of the population is white and 50% is brown. Over time the percentage of brown colored rabbits increases to 85%. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the change in the population.

• The white rabbits change their fur to brown

• The brown rabbits had a genetic mutation that killed off the white rabbits

• The brown rabbits were better able to survive and reproduce

• The white rabbits were better able to survive and reproduce

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Spines are a trait cactus have that help them survive. Peccaries (pig-like animals) prefer eating those plants with a fewer spines as they as less likely to get stabbed by spines.

Which graph shows what will happen to the cactus population over time?

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Spines are a trait cactus have that help them survive. Peccaries (pig-like animals) perfer eating those plants with a fewer spines as they as less likely to get stabbed by spines. A second predator, a parasitic insect, lays its eggs at the base of the cacti's spines. When the grubs hatch, they dig into the cacti to eat the soft inner pulp, and use the cacti as a home. Preferring densely spined cacti, these egg-laying parasites more often destroy varieties of plants with larger numbers of spines. An infested cactus rarely survives.

Which graph shows what will happen to the cactus population over time?

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The graph show the average beak size (increasing from left to right) in finches on Daphne Island in the Galapagos Islands. The blue bars show data from 1976 and the orange bars show data from 1978. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the change in beak depths from 1976-1978?

• Finches with smaller were able to grow bigger beaks, which allowed them to survive and now they all have larger beaks.

• Finches with smaller beaks were better able to survive and reproduce. Leading to more finches with smaller beaks.

• Finches with larger beaks were better able to survive and reproduce. Leading to more finches with larger beaks.

• Finches with larger beaks killed off the finches with smaller beaks so that they would no longer need to compete for food.

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