BIOL 150 Exam 2

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created and destroyed but not transferred.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one
  type to another

• Entropy of a system always decreases over time.

• Transfer of energy from one form to another increases the entropy
  (degree of disorder) of a system

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-3

What is the Gibb's Free Energy Equation?

• ΔG=ΔPV−TΔS

• ΔG=ΔH+TΔS

• ΔG=ΔU+ΔPV−TΔS

• ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Which of the following does NOT describe an EXERGONIC reaction?

• Spontaneous

• ΔG < 0

• ΔG > 0

• Energy Released

What is the primary difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

• Catabolic reactions build complex molecules, while anabolic reactions break them down.

• Catabolic reactions release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic reactions consume energy to build complex molecules.

• Both catabolic and anabolic reactions store energy in the form of ATP.

• Anabolic reactions occur only in animals, while catabolic reactions occur only in plants.

Which of the following describes the "lock and key" mechanism for enzymes?

• The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate.

• The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, which has a specific shape that matches the substrate.

• Enzymes can bind to any substrate with equal efficiency.

• The enzyme is permanently altered after binding to the substrate.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

• By increasing the temperature of the reaction

• By providing energy to reactants

• By lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur

• By changing the chemical equilibrium of the reaction

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4

What is the difference between competitive inhibition vs non-competitive inhibition?

• Competitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to the active site.

• Competitive inhibitors increase enzyme activity, while non-competitive inhibitors decrease it.

• Non-competitive inhibitors can be outcompeted by increasing substrate concentration, while competitive inhibitors cannot.

• Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site and block the substrate, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site and change the enzyme's shape.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

• C6​H12​O6​+6O2​→6CO2​+6H2​O+ATP

• 6CO2​+6H2​O+ATP→C6​H12​O6​+6O2

• C6​H12​O6​+6CO2​→6O2​+6H2​O+ATP

• 6O2​+6H2​O→C6​H12​O6​+CO2​+ATP

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What is the order of the four metabolic pathways in cellular respiration?

• Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain → Pyruvate Oxidation

• Electron Transport Chain → Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Pyruvate Oxidation

• Glycolysis → Pyruvate Oxidation → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

• Citric Acid Cycle → Glycolysis → Pyruvate Oxidation → Electron Transport Chain

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which component of the cellular respiration equation gets reduced and which component gets oxidized?

• Oxygen (O₂) is oxidized, and glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is reduced.

• Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is oxidized, and oxygen (O₂) is reduced.

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is reduced, and water (H₂O) is oxidized.

• Water (H₂O) is reduced, and oxygen (O₂) is oxidized.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7