Energy

Energy is transferred through waves, force, motion, and energy.

• True

• False

Which statement BEST describes the kinetic and potential energies of the cart at Location X compared with the kinetic and potential energies of the cart at Location Y?

• The cart has more potential energy and less kinetic energy at Location X than it has at Location Y.

• The cart has less potential energy and more kinetic energy at Location X than it has at Location Y.

• The cart has the same amounts of potential energy and kinetic energy at Location X as it has at Location Y.

• The cart has more potential energy and kinetic energy at Location X than it has at Location Y.

A snowboarder practices sliding down a hill. The diagram shows three positions of the snowboarder. Which table best compares the amounts of potential energy and kinetic energy of the snowboarder at each position?

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The picture shows a bicyclist increasing speed while riding down a hill during a bicycle race. Which statements accurately describe the potential and kinetic energy of this bicyclist?

• Kinetic energy increases. Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases. Potential energy remains constant.

• Kinetic energy remains constant. Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy remains constant. Potential energy increases.

Which statement best describes the energy of the roller coaster as it slows down while traveling to the top of the coaster?

• The cart gains both kinetic and potential energy.

• The cart gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

• The cart loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

• The cart loses both kinetic and potential energy.

A demonstration helps students understand a principle of roller coaster design. Which answer choice correctly describes the ball’s kinetic and potential energy?

• The ball has more potential energy at position X than at position Z.

• The ball has more kinetic energy at position Y than at position W.

• The potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball are equal at position X.

• The potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball are greatest at position Z.

A group of students was conducting an investigation with plants. One group of plants was placed inside a closet. The other group of plants was placed next to a window. After two weeks, the plants next to the window were taller and healthier than the plants in the closet. Which statement BEST explains the difference in plant growth?

• The plants next to the window were able to convert more light energy into chemical energy.

• The plants next to the window were able to convert more thermal energy into light energy.

• The plants next to the window were able to convert more thermal energy into mechanical energy.

• The plants next to the window were able to convert more light energy into electrical energy.

Which action represents a conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy?

• Pancakes reheated in a microwave oven

• Soup beginning to boil on a stove

• A grasshopper jumping from a predator

• Sunlight melting an icicle

The diagram shows how a cylinder in a car engine causes the car to move. Which description of the energy conversions in this process is correct?

• The chemical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to thermal energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The electrical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to mechanical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The thermal energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

Students build a circuit. The circuit has wires that connect a battery to a switch and a fan. Which energy transformations happen when the students close the circuit and the blades of the fan begin to spin?

• Chemical to mechanical to electrical

• Electrical to chemical to mechanical

• Chemical to electrical to mechanical

• Mechanical to electrical to chemical