Understanding DNA and Protein Synthesis

What is the basic building block of proteins?

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Glucose

• Fatty acids

Which process directly involves the transcription of DNA into mRNA?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Mutation

Who were the scientists credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

• Watson and Crick

• Mendel and Darwin

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Hershey and Chase

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It serves as a template for assembling amino acids.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

Explain how a mutation in DNA can affect protein synthesis.

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

• It can change the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

• It has no effect on protein synthesis.

• It only affects the structure of DNA, not proteins.

Describe how the understanding of DNA's structure has evolved over time.

• It was always known to be a double helix.

• It was initially thought to be a triple helix.

• It was first believed to be a single strand.

• It was once considered to be a protein.

How do alleles contribute to the variety of traits in an organism?

• They are identical in all organisms.

• They are expressed in the same way in every individual.

• They combine in different ways to produce different traits.

• They do not affect the traits of an organism.

Predict the outcome of a mutation that changes a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence.

• It will always result in a beneficial trait.

• It may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

• It will have no effect on the organism.

• It will always cause a disease.

Analyze how the structure of DNA allows it to be replicated accurately.

• The double helix structure prevents replication.

• The complementary base pairing ensures accurate replication.

• The sugar-phosphate backbone is responsible for replication.

• The helical shape makes replication impossible.

Evaluate the impact of protein synthesis errors on an organism's phenotype.

• Errors always lead to beneficial adaptations.

• Errors can lead to diseases or disorders.

• Errors have no impact on phenotype.

• Errors only affect the organism's DNA.