Earth Science Unit 5: Earth's Material and Systems

What is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth where we live?

• Mantle

• Crust

• Outer core

• Inner core

What is the most stable and oldest part of the continental crust, composed of ancient crystalline basement rock?

• Tectonic plates

• Crust

• Cratons

• Lithosphere

What natural event occurs when the Earth's crust suddenly moves or vibrates?

• Volcano

• Tectonic shift

• Earthquake

• Tsunami

The transfer of energy through empty space, where there is no direct contact between a heat source and an object, is called:

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Convection

• Reflection

Which German scientist proposed the Continental Drift Theory?

• Charles Darwin

• Alfred Wegener

• Harry Hess

• Isaac Newton

Which of the following is an irregularly shaped slab of solid rock that moves in different directions?

• Tectonic plate

• Lithosphere

• Asthenosphere

• Oceanic crust

What type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates collide, and one plate is pushed beneath the other?

• Transform

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Parallel

Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field?

• Crust

• Inner core

• Mantle

• Outer core

What type of rock is formed when magma reaches the Earth's surface and solidifies?

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Crystalline

Which type of volcano is currently showing signs of activity and is expected to erupt in the future?

• Dormant volcano

• Extinct volcano

• Active volcano

• Composite volcano