Ch.21 Vocab Test

What is the geocentric model?

• A model where the Earth is at the center of the universe.

• A model where the Sun is at the center of the universe.

• A model where the Moon is at the center of the universe.

• A model where the stars are at the center of the universe.

What does the heliocentric model propose?

• The Earth is the center of the universe.

• The Sun is the center of the universe.

• The Moon is the center of the universe.

• The stars are the center of the universe.

Which of the following best describes the Universal Law of Gravitation?

• Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

• Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by force called gravity

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

• For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is rationalism?

• The belief that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

• The belief that reason and logic are the primary sources of knowledge.

• The belief that knowledge is innate and not acquired.

• The belief that knowledge is a social construct.

Which of the following best describes the scientific method?

• A method of inquiry based on collecting and analyzing evidence.

• A method of inquiry based on philosophical reasoning.

• A method of inquiry based on historical analysis.

• A method of inquiry based on religious texts.

What is inductive reasoning?

• Reasoning from general principles to specific cases.

• Reasoning from specific observations that will lead to correct general principles.

• Reasoning based on intuition.

• Reasoning based on authority.

Who were the philosophes?

• Medieval knights.

• Enlightenment thinkers who advocated for reason and individualism.

• Ancient Greek philosophers.

• Renaissance artists.

What is meant by the separation of powers?

• The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

• The division of power between the rich and the poor.

• The division of power between the military and the government.

• The division of power between the church and the state.

What is deism?

• The belief in multiple gods.

• The belief that God created the universe but does not interfere with it. Based on reason and natural law.

• The belief that God is actively involved in the world.

• The belief in no gods.

What does laissez-faire refer to in economics?

• Government intervention in the economy.

• Minimal government interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.

• Complete government control of the economy.

• A mixed economy with both private and public sectors.