Genetics

Law of Independent Assortment

• the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis

• the principle that traits are inherited together

• the concept that all genes are linked on the same chromosome

• the rule that dominant traits always mask recessive traits

Co-dominant

• A genetic trait that completely masks another trait

• The state in which two genetic traits are fully expressed and neither dominates

• A genetic trait that is only partially expressed

• A genetic trait that is inherited from one parent only

Alleles

• different versions of a gene

• identical copies of a gene

• non-functional segments of DNA

• alternative forms of a chromosome

DNA

• deoxyribonucleic acid, contains all of the genetic information of an organism

• deoxyribonucleic acid, a type of protein found in cells

• deoxyribonucleic acid, responsible for energy production in cells

• deoxyribonucleic acid, a carbohydrate that stores energy

Pedigree

• A type of genetic mutation

• A chart or 'family tree' that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

• A method for cloning organisms

• A type of medical treatment for hereditary diseases

Dominant

• Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

• A trait that is always expressed in the phenotype.

• A trait that is only expressed in the absence of another trait.

• A trait that is recessive and not expressed in the phenotype.

Recessive

• trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

• a trait that is always expressed in the phenotype

• a trait that is inherited independently of other traits

• a trait that is dominant over all others

Genotype

• An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

• The environmental factors affecting an organism's traits.

Law of Segregation

• Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

• A principle that explains the inheritance of traits through dominant and recessive alleles

• A theory that suggests traits are blended from both parents

• A concept that describes the random assortment of chromosomes during cell division

Phenotype

• An organism's genetic makeup.

• An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

• The process of natural selection.

• The habitat in which an organism lives.