What happens when an axon is not conducting an impulse?

The axon is at rest and maintains a resting potential.

The axon is actively transmitting a signal.

The axon is undergoing depolarization.

The axon is undergoing repolarization.

The importance of Nodes of Ranvier in nerve regeneration is:

They are involved in the repair and regeneration of nerve fibers.

They speed up nerve impulse transmission.

They provide structural support to nerves.

They help in the production of neurotransmitters.

What happens in nonmyelinated axons during the conduction of an action potential?

The action potential travels continuously along the axon.

The action potential jumps from node to node.

The action potential is blocked by myelin sheaths.

The action potential is faster than in myelinated axons.

In myelinated axons, where are the gated ion channels concentrated?

Evenly distributed along the axon

What are the best known neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)

List the basic components of cell signaling.

Receptors, Ligands, Signal Transduction Pathways, Cellular Responses

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Vacuole, Cytoplasm

The basic structure of a neuron includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Which of the following correctly compares the functions of three classes of neurons?

Sensory neurons carry signals to the brain, motor neurons carry signals from the brain, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.

Motor neurons carry signals to the brain, sensory neurons carry signals from the brain, and interneurons connect motor and sensory neurons.

Interneurons carry signals to the brain, sensory neurons carry signals from the brain, and motor neurons connect sensory and interneurons.

Sensory neurons connect motor neurons, motor neurons connect interneurons, and interneurons carry signals to the brain.

Contrast the roles of neurons and neuroglia in nervous systems. Neurons are responsible for generating and transmitting electrical signals (action potentials) to carry information throughout the body. In contrast, neuroglia (glial cells) primarily provide structural support and nourishment for neurons.

Neurons generate and transmit electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and nourishment.

Neurons provide support and nourishment, while neuroglia generate and transmit electrical signals.

Both neurons and neuroglia generate and transmit electrical signals.

Both neurons and neuroglia provide support and nourishment.

The structure, function, and locations of myelin are:

a. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds nerve fibers, functioning to insulate and protect them, and is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

b. Myelin is a protein that forms the main component of muscle tissue, providing strength and flexibility, and is located in the muscular system.

c. Myelin is a carbohydrate that serves as an energy source for cells, primarily found in the digestive system.

d. Myelin is a mineral that contributes to bone density and is located in the skeletal system.

Compare and contrast resting and action potentials. Resting potential is a stable, negative electrical charge across a neuron’s membrane when it’s not actively sending signals (when the cell is at rest). Action potential is essentially a “spike” of electrical activity that occurs when a neuron transmits information along its axon, moving from a negative to positive change and then back again.

Resting potential is stable and negative, while action potential is a spike of electrical activity.

Resting potential is a spike of electrical activity, while action potential is stable and negative.

Both resting and action potentials are stable and negative.

Both resting and action potentials are spikes of electrical activity.

Summarize the activities that generate and propagate an action potential. An action potential is generated when a stimulus makes the neuron reach its threshold, opening the sodium potassium channels. Sodium rushes in, causing depolarization, which spreads down the axon. Then, sodium channels close and potassium channels open, letting potassium out to repolarize the membrane. The neuron briefly hyperpolarizes before returning to rest. The signal travels to the axon terminal, where neurotransmitters are released.

An action potential is generated when a stimulus makes the neuron reach its threshold, opening the sodium potassium channels.

Sodium rushes in, causing depolarization, which spreads down the axon.

Sodium channels close and potassium channels open, letting potassium out to repolarize the membrane.

The neuron briefly hyperpolarizes before returning to rest.

The structure and function of a synapse can be described as:

A junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit nerve impulses.

A part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

The main body of the neuron that contains the nucleus.

A long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body.

Describe the transmission of signal across a synapse. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, calcium ions enter, causing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters cross the gap and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding generates a new electrical signal that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the neurotransmitter.

Calcium ions enter the axon terminal, causing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft.

Neurotransmitters cross the gap and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

This binding generates a new electrical signal that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.

What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?

To insulate axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission

To slow down nerve impulse transmission

To connect neurons to blood vessels

What is the refractory period of a neuron?

A brief period of time following an action potential where the neuron is unable to fire another action potential

The rapid method by which nerve impulses move down a myelinated axon

What is saltatory conduction?

Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated axon, where the electrical signal "jumps" from one gap in the myelin sheath (node of Ranvier) to the next

The whole process stops and repeats because something went wrong and the signal couldn't be transmitted.

Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated axon where the electrical signal moves outside the axon.

Biology Unit 2 - Chapter 17.1-17.2

Authored by Maeve Murphy

Biology

12th Grade

Used 4+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The nervous system is responsible for:

controlling and coordinating body activities

digesting food

circulating blood

producing hormones

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The nervous system in most animals, including humans, is divided into two anatomical divisions. Name them.

The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS).

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Name the three classes of neurons.

The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and glial cells.

The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and astrocytes.

The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and oligodendrocytes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The four parts of a neuron are:

Dendrites, Axon, Cell Body, Synapse

Nucleus, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus

Heart, Brain, Lungs, Liver

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the function of an axon?

To receive signals from other neurons.

To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body.

To release neurotransmitters.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Fill in the blank: The ends of axons that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells are called _________.

Axon-Synaptic Terminals

Dendrites

Cell Bodies

Myelin Sheaths

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The role of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is to:

protect nerve fibers

increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

provide nutrients to neurons

connect neurons to blood vessels

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Unit 2 Summative 1

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Biology Unit 2 - Chapter 17.1-17.2

The nervous system is responsible for:

The nervous system in most animals, including humans, is divided into two anatomical divisions. Name them.

Name the three classes of neurons.

The four parts of a neuron are:

What is the function of an axon?

Fill in the blank: The ends of axons that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells are called _________.

The role of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is to:

In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by _________.

The two types of nervous tissue in the CNS are:

Which type of nervous tissue contains cell bodies and short, nonmyelinated fibers?

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