Pedi Chapter 32

The definition of 'Pandemic' is:

• A local outbreak of a disease

• A global outbreak of a disease

• A seasonal outbreak of a disease

• An outbreak of a disease in animals only

Answer explanation

A 'Pandemic' refers to a global outbreak of a disease, affecting a large number of people across multiple countries or continents. This distinguishes it from local or seasonal outbreaks.

The definition of 'Endemic' is:

• A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area

• A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

• A global outbreak of a disease

• A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected

Answer explanation

The correct definition of 'Endemic' refers to a disease or condition that is regularly found among particular people or in a certain area, distinguishing it from terms like epidemic or pandemic.

Genetic makeup influences host resistance to disease by:

• altering immune response

• changing environmental factors

• modifying lifestyle choices

• affecting dietary habits

Answer explanation

Genetic makeup influences host resistance to disease primarily by altering immune response, which determines how effectively the body can fight off infections and diseases.

What is direct transmission of infection?

• Transmitted by contact with an infected person

• Transmitted by contact with contaminated objects

• Transmitted through the air

• Transmitted through water

Answer explanation

Direct transmission of infection occurs when a person comes into contact with an infected individual, allowing pathogens to spread directly. This distinguishes it from other transmission methods like contaminated objects or air.

Covid-19 is an example of an infectious disease where proper use of PPE is required in order to limit exposure and transmission.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Covid-19 is an infectious disease that spreads through respiratory droplets. Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like masks and gloves is essential to limit exposure and transmission.

When transporting a patient with Covid-19, the patient should wear a ______ to contain their secretions.

• disposable mask or cloth face mask

• face shield

• surgical gown

• gloves

Answer explanation

When transporting a patient with Covid-19, wearing a disposable mask or cloth face mask is essential to contain their secretions and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Other options do not serve this specific purpose.

Face masks encourage mouth breathing rather than inhaling and exhaling through the nose and change the pattern of ________.

• breathing

• walking

• eating

• sleeping

Answer explanation

Face masks can restrict airflow, leading to increased mouth breathing instead of nasal breathing. This change primarily affects the pattern of breathing, making it the correct choice in the context of the question.

Which of the following involves hand hygiene and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)?

• A) Aseptic technique

• B) Standard precautions

• C) Transmission-based precautions

Answer explanation

Standard precautions involve hand hygiene and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings. This makes option B the correct choice.

Explain the importance of strict adherence to standard or transmission-based precautions in Protective Environment Isolation.

• To prevent the spread of infections to immunocompromised patients

• To ensure the comfort of healthcare workers

• To reduce the cost of healthcare

• To improve the aesthetics of the healthcare environment

Answer explanation

Strict adherence to precautions is crucial in Protective Environment Isolation to prevent the spread of infections to immunocompromised patients, who are at a higher risk of severe complications from infections.

True or False: Nosocomial infection is another term for a hospital-acquired infection.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Nosocomial infection specifically refers to infections acquired in a hospital setting, making it synonymous with hospital-acquired infections.