11 HMS Acquiring, developing and Improving Movement Skills

The first movement skills an infant will learn in the first 12 months of life are:

• Crawling and walking

• Running and jumping

• Skipping and hopping

• Dancing and spinning

Consider the fundamental movement skills that most toddlers learn (jump, land, kick, hit, throw, roll etc). What factors help this development?

• Genetics, environment, and practice

• Only genetics

• Only environment

• Only practice

Think of a physical skill that you learned in the last 5 years, in which you went from being a novice to at least proficient. What did it feel like when you were first attempting to learn the skill? When did you know that you had reached a basic level of competence? What factors helped you successively progress (think of the internal and external factors)?

• It felt challenging at first, but I knew I was competent when I could perform the skill without thinking too much. Progress was aided by regular practice and feedback.

• It was easy from the start, and I never felt like a novice. I reached competence immediately without any external help.

• I never reached a basic level of competence and gave up quickly.

• I felt confident from the beginning and didn't need any practice to progress.

Think of the most physically capable, athletic and skilled person you know. What makes you say this about them, and why do you think they are at this standard of movement competency?

• They have won multiple athletic awards.

• They have a rigorous training routine.

• They are naturally talented.

• They have a balanced diet.

Fundamental movement skills can be divided into three categories. What are (a)   used for?

• To adjust and control body movement

• To move from one place to another

• To use equipment with control, accuracy, and power

Fundamental movement skills can be divided into three categories. What are stabilisation skills used for?

• To adjust and control body movement

• To move from one place to another

• To use equipment with control, accuracy, and power

Fundamental movement skills can be divided into three categories. What do (a)   require?

• To adjust and control body movement

• To move from one place to another

• The use of equipment with control, accuracy, and power

Explain how 'Personality' can affect a learner's performance.

• Personality can affect a learner's performance by influencing their motivation, attitude, and approach to learning.

• Personality has no effect on a learner's performance.

• Personality only affects social interactions, not learning performance.

• Personality determines a learner's intelligence level.

Heredity plays a role in shaping a learner's abilities.

• True

• False

How does 'Confidence' influence learning outcomes?

• Confidence boosts motivation and engagement, leading to better learning outcomes.

• Confidence has no impact on learning outcomes.

• Confidence negatively affects learning outcomes by causing overconfidence.

• Confidence only affects learning outcomes in group settings.