Rock cycle how rocks are made

What is the process called when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces?

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Deposition

• Compaction

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Limestone

What is the term for the process where sediments are pressed together under their own weight?

• Cementation

• Erosion

• Compaction

• Weathering

Answer explanation

The process where sediments are pressed together under their own weight is called compaction. This occurs as layers of sediment accumulate, leading to increased pressure that reduces the space between particles.

What is the main agent responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?

• Wind

• Water

• Heat

• Pressure

Answer explanation

Water is the main agent responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks. It transports sediments, which accumulate and compact over time, leading to the creation of these rocks.

Which process involves the movement of sediment from one location to another?

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

• Compaction

Answer explanation

Erosion is the process that involves the movement of sediment from one location to another, often caused by wind, water, or ice. Weathering breaks down rocks, deposition involves settling sediment, and compaction refers to the compression of sediments.

What type of rock is formed from the remains of once-living plants and animals?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Obsidian

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of organic remains, such as plants and animals. This distinguishes them from igneous and metamorphic rocks, which form through different geological processes.

Which of the following processes can transform sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock?

• Cooling

• Melting

• Heat and pressure

• Erosion

Answer explanation

Heat and pressure are the key factors that transform sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock through a process called metamorphism, altering the rock's mineral composition and structure.

What is the name of the process where dissolved minerals solidify and bind sediment particles together?

• Compaction

• Cementation

• Erosion

• Weathering

Answer explanation

Cementation is the process where dissolved minerals precipitate and bind sediment particles together, forming solid rock. This distinguishes it from compaction, erosion, and weathering, which involve different geological processes.

Igneous rocks that form (a)   the surface are intrusive.

• above

• below

• on

• all of the above

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks that form below the surface are called intrusive rocks. They cool slowly underground, allowing large crystals to form, unlike extrusive rocks that form above the surface.

How are igneous rocks formed?

• sun's energy and weathering process

• Earth's interior energy, magma and cooling

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks are formed from Earth's interior energy, where magma rises and cools either beneath the surface or after erupting from a volcano. This process solidifies the molten material into rock, making the correct choice 'Earth's interior energy, magma and cooling'.