Immunity (IB Biology)

The pattern of behaviour/physiology based on 24hr cycle is known as a

• Circadian rhythm

• Seasonal Rhythm

• Ultradian Rhythm

• Diurnal Rhythm

Hormones are found in?

• Only plants

• Only animals

• Plants and animals

• Plants, animals and fungi

Electrical signals using the nervous system are found in?

• Only animals

• Only plants

• Plants and animals

• Plants, animals and fungi

The first lines of defence in the body's immune system is formed by the:

• White blood cells

• Lymph nodes

• Antibodies

• Mucous membranes and skin

Reorder the process of blood clotting:

• Thrombin catalyses catalyses conversion of fibrinogen (soluble) to fibrin (insoluble).

• Cellular debris becomes trapped in mesh and stable clot is formed. No more blood loss and pathogens cannot enter.

• Blood vessel is damaged. Injured cells release chemicals that cause platelets to stick to the vessel and form a plug.

• Fibrin forms mesh-network that stabilises the platelet plug.

• Damaged tissues and platelets release clotting factors which convert prothrombin to thrombin.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Innate immune system

,

(b) Adaptive immune system

• Specific response to pathogens.
• From birth.

• Provides the first line of defense.

• Does not require prior exposure to pathogens.

• Immediate response to pathogens.

• Involves a slower response compared to innate immunity.

• Includes B cells and T cells.

• Can provide long-lasting immunity.
• Non-specific defense mechanisms.

• Includes physical barriers like skin.

• Can be enhanced by vaccinations.

• Develops over time.
• Involves memory cells.

• Does not change

• Requires prior exposure to pathogens.

• Involves white blood cells like macrophages.

Where on the graph is the initial exposure to a pathogen

where is the primary immune response shown on the graph?

where is the secondary exposure to pathogen shown on the graph?

Where on the graph does it show the secondary immune response?