AP World History Unit 3 Empires from 1450-1750

Impact of European Expansion

• The commercial and military power of Europeans expanded, leading to the decline of the Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman empires.

• European expansion had no significant impact on global trade.

• The Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman empires became stronger due to European expansion.

• European expansion primarily benefited only the Americas.

Tribute

• A type of tax imposed on citizens

• A payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence.

• A ceremonial gift given during festivals

• A loan given by one country to another

Janissaries

• Elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and bodyguards.

• A type of cavalry used in the Ottoman Empire.

• The naval forces of the Ottoman Empire.

• A group of merchants in the Ottoman trade system.

China's last imperial empire

• The Ming Dynasty

• The Qing Dynasty

• The Tang Dynasty

• The Song Dynasty

Safavid Empire

• A significant Persian empire known for establishing Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion.

• A dynasty that ruled over the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century.

• An ancient civilization known for its contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

• A modern republic established in the 20th century in Iran.

Manchu officials

• Higher level officials were replaced with Manchus in the Qing Dynasty.

• Manchu officials were known for their democratic governance.

• Manchu officials primarily served in the military during the Ming Dynasty.

• Manchu officials were responsible for the construction of the Great Wall.

Consolidating and legitimizing power

• I'm in power and I will show you how I keep it.

• Power is best maintained through fear and intimidation.

• True power comes from the support of the people.

• Power is a fleeting concept that must be constantly chased.

Shah

• A title given to the emperors, kings, princes, and lords of Iran (historically known as Persia).

• A type of traditional Persian carpet.

• A popular Iranian dish made with rice and meat.

• A historical region in ancient Persia.

Gunpowder Empire

• Empires that relied solely on cavalry for expansion.

• Empires that were formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered through their mastery of firearms.

• Empires that focused on trade and commerce rather than military conquest.

• Empires that were established by indigenous peoples without outside influence.

Ottoman Military Structure

• The Ottoman Empire's military was organized into a highly efficient system, with the Janissaries as a key component.

• The Ottoman military relied solely on cavalry units for its effectiveness.

• The Ottoman Empire had no formal military structure and relied on local militias.

• The Janissaries were primarily responsible for naval operations in the Ottoman Empire.