UNIT 5 exam review

Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

• Translation

• Translocation

• Replication

• Transcription

What does DNA fingerprinting involve in terms of DNA analysis?

• DNA fingerprinting involves sequencing the entire genome of an individual.

• DNA fingerprinting involves altering DNA sequences to match a reference.

• DNA fingerprinting involves copying DNA to increase its quantity.

• DNA fingerprinting involves analyzing specific regions of DNA that vary greatly among individuals.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA fingerprinting?

• Gel electrophoresis amplifies DNA fragments to make them more visible.

• Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size.

• Gel electrophoresis sequences DNA fragments to determine their order.

• Gel electrophoresis binds DNA fragments to specific proteins.

What is a potential advantage of genetically modifying crops to include genes that help them resist diseases?

• Faster growth rates leading to earlier harvests.
• Increased nutritional value without any side effects.
• Increased crop resilience and reduced reliance on pesticides.
• Higher crop yields with no environmental impact.

What is a potential benefit of genetically modifying crops to withstand dry conditions?

• Improved drought tolerance

• Increased need for fertilizers

• Higher susceptibility to pests

• Reduced growth in sunlight

What biotechnological technique involves creating a genetically identical copy of an organism?

• Cloning

• Pollination

• Grafting

• Biopesticides

Which of the following is a biotechnological application in agriculture that involves altering the genetic material of plants or animals?

• Traditional breeding methods

• Organic farming techniques

• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

• Hydroponic systems

Which type of mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another?

• A deletion mutation

• An insertion mutation

• A substitution mutation

• A frameshift mutation

What is a point mutation?

• A change in a single nucleotide

• A change in the entire chromosome

• A change in the number of chromosomes

• A change in the sequence of amino acids

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

• DNA ligase unwinds the DNA double helix.

• DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

• DNA ligase synthesizes RNA primers.

• DNA ligase fills in gaps