Topic 3 Vocabulary

Atom

• The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

• A large particle made up of multiple molecules.

• A type of molecule that cannot be broken down further.

• A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Atomic mass

• The mass of an atom, typically expressed in atomic mass units.

• The weight of an atom in grams.

• The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

• The mass of an atom when measured in kilograms.

Group

• A horizontal row in the periodic table, representing elements with increasing atomic number.

• A vertical column in the periodic table, which signifies elements with similar chemical behaviors.

• A collection of elements that are chemically inert and do not react with other elements.

• A category of elements that have similar physical properties but different chemical properties.

Luster

• The way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral.

• The color of a mineral in powdered form.

• The hardness of a mineral on the Mohs scale.

• The ability of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.

Isotope

• Variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

• Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.

• Different forms of a chemical element that have the same atomic mass.

• Chemical compounds that contain different elements in varying proportions.

Malleable

• The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

• The property of a material that allows it to be deformed or molded into a different shape.

• The resistance of a material to deformation.

• The ability of a material to absorb moisture.

Electron

• A subatomic particle with a positive charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

• A subatomic particle with no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

• A subatomic particle with a negative charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

• A type of atom that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a charge.

Periodic table

• A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

• A graphical representation of the elements based on their physical states.

• A list of all known chemical compounds and their properties.

• A collection of all isotopes of each element arranged by mass.

Compound

• A substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

• A mixture of different substances that retain their individual properties.

• A single element that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

• A solution where one substance is dissolved in another.

Reactivity

• The ability of a substance to remain unchanged in a chemical reaction.

• The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, and to release energy.

• The measure of how quickly a substance can dissolve in a solvent.

• The capacity of a substance to absorb heat without changing its state.