Understanding Probability Concepts

*Front:* Random Variable

• outcome of a random process

• a fixed value

• a deterministic function

• a statistical constant

What are Complementary Events?

• P(A') = 1 - P(A)

• P(A) + P(A') = 1

• P(A) = P(A')

• P(A) - P(A') = 0

*Front:* Sample Space

• A collection of all possible outcomes

• A single outcome from an experiment

• The probability of an event occurring

• The method of conducting an experiment

*Front:* Experiment

• to observe outcomes

• to predict future events

• to analyze past data

• to create new theories

Independent Events

• The outcome of one does not affect the other

• The outcome of one event depends on the other

• Both events must occur simultaneously

• At least one event must occur

*Front:* Probability Formula

• @@P(E) = rac{ ext{Number of favorable outcomes}}{ ext{Total number of outcomes}}@@

• @@P(E) = rac{ ext{Total number of outcomes}}{ ext{Number of favorable outcomes}}@@

• @@P(E) = ext{Number of favorable outcomes} imes ext{Total number of outcomes}@@

• @@P(E) = rac{ ext{Number of outcomes}}{ ext{Total outcomes}}@@

Dependent Events

• Events that are unrelated

• Events that occur simultaneously

• Events where the outcome of one affects the other

• Events that are independent of each other

*Front:* Certain Event

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3

*Front:* Event

• of sample space

• of random variable

• of probability distribution

• of statistical significance

*Front:* Impossible Event

• = 0

• = 1

• = 0.5

• = -1