Exploring Bacterial Structures and Functions (Chapter 2)

List the structures all bacteria possess.

• Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

• Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

• Flagella, pili, capsule

• Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes

Identify three structures some but not all bacteria possess.

• Cell wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm

• Flagella, pili, capsule

• Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

• Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA

Describe three major shapes of bacteria.

• Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral

• Cuboidal, triangular, hexagonal

• Oval, rectangular, circular

• Star-shaped, crescent, elliptical

Describe three bacterial arrangements.

• Chains, clusters, pairs

• Single, double, triple

• Rows, columns, grids

• Layers, sheets, blocks

Describe the structure and function of the appendages on a bacterial cell.

• Appendages are used for photosynthesis and consist of chloroplasts.

• Appendages are used for movement and attachment, including flagella and pili.

• Appendages are used for energy storage and consist of vacuoles.

• Appendages are used for protein synthesis and consist of ribosomes.

Differentiate between the different layers of a bacterial envelope.

• Cell wall, cell membrane, capsule

• Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

• Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles

Compare and contrast gram-positive cell walls and gram-negative cell walls.

• Gram-positive have a thick peptidoglycan layer; gram-negative have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

• Gram-positive have a thin peptidoglycan layer; gram-negative have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane.

• Both have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane.

• Both have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Identify all of the structures that may be contained in bacterial protoplasm (cytoplasm).

• Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

• Ribosomes, DNA, plasmids

• Cell wall, cell membrane, capsule

• Flagella, pili, capsule

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

• Contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

• Lacks a nucleus, has a cell wall, and contains ribosomes

• Contains a nucleus, has a cell wall, and contains ribosomes

• Lacks a cell wall, has a nucleus, and contains mitochondria

Which of the following is not a major shape of bacteria?

• Spherical

• Rod-shaped

• Spiral

• Cuboidal