Learning Unit Quizs

Law of effect

• The principle that responses followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.

• A theory stating that all behaviors are learned through conditioning.

• The idea that all actions are driven by instinctual urges.

• A concept suggesting that behavior is influenced by genetic factors.

Overjustification Effect

• A phenomenon where intrinsic motivation is enhanced by external rewards.

• A situation where external rewards have no effect on motivation.

• When an expected external incentive such as money/prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.

• A theory that suggests people are motivated solely by internal factors.

acquisition

• The process of linking a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning.

• The final stage of classical conditioning where the conditioned response is fully developed.

• A method of learning that involves reinforcement and punishment.

• The ability to recall information after a period of time.

learning

• A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.

• A temporary change in an organism's behavior due to external stimuli.

• An innate response to environmental changes.

• A process of acquiring knowledge through observation.

neutral stimulus (NS)

• A stimulus that produces no response other than catching your attention prior to conditioning.

• A stimulus that elicits a response after conditioning.

• A stimulus that always produces a reflexive response.

• A stimulus that is used to reinforce a behavior.

conditioned response (CR)

• A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning.

• An unlearned reaction to a stimulus.

• A response that occurs naturally without any conditioning.

• A response that is always negative.

habituation

• An organism's increasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.

• An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.

• A sudden increase in response to a new stimulus.

• The ability to recognize and remember a stimulus over time.

Variable-ratio schedule

• A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a fixed number of responses.

• A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.

• A reinforcement schedule that provides reinforcement at regular time intervals.

• A reinforcement schedule that provides reinforcement after a single response.

Learned helplessness

• The ability to learn from past experiences and adapt to new situations.

• The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. Initially studied by Martin Seligman.

• A psychological condition characterized by excessive optimism and resilience.

• A behavioral response to positive reinforcement in training.

unconditioned response (UCR)

• A learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

• An unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.

• A response that occurs only after conditioning has taken place.

• A reflex action that is not influenced by external stimuli.