History& 128 The Age of Science/Enlightenment - Key Terms

State of Nature

• Mythical situation in which people lived without any legal codes or contract, free to do what they please without restrictions or protections of society.

• Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in "state of nature" to establish some form of government; defines rights and obligations of individuals and government.

• Material resources/industry controlled by private owners for profit values creative competition.

• Human reason will produce progress... when the mind's defenses are down, as in sleep, we are prey to internal monsters.

Social Contract

• Emerging ideas that all individuals, regardless of status or wealth, should have the right to vote, challenging traditional notions of political power being reserved for the elite.

• Systematic process of empirical observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning uses to test hypotheses and developed knowledge based of evidence rather than tradition or religious doctrine.

• Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in "state of nature" to establish some form of government; defines rights and obligations of individuals and government.

• Set of ideas or system of thought that shapes how one interprets the world.

Hobbes saw human beings as __________.

• Kind and Selfless

• Selfish and Aggressive

• Self-Interested, but not always violent

• Shaped by our experiences in life.

This Enlightenment thinker believed humans were naturally evil

• Hobbes

• Locke

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the natural state of human beings without laws or control?

• Peaceful and cooperative

• Cruel, greedy, and selfish

• Happy and content

• Independent and resourceful

John Locke

• Early thinker, considers role of monarchy, hereditary powers & property

• Representative Republicanism, state of nature theory of natural tights (life, liberty)

• Monarch derives power from social contract, govern effectively & humanly

• "Men are born free & equal in rights"; right to democracy & general will

Enlightenment Despotism

• "Men are born free & equal in rights"; right to democracy & general will

• Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in state of nature of establish some form of governments; rights & obligations of individuals government

• Mythical situation which people lived without any legal code or contract, free to do what they please; without restrictions or protections of society

• Monarch derives power from social contract, govern effectively & humanly

Rousseau

• Produces monsters - Enlightened assumptions

• "Men are born free & equal in rights"; right to democracy & general will

• Monarch derives power from social contract, govern effectively & humanly

• Early thinker, considers role of monarch, hereditary powers & property.

Which Enlightenment thinker came up with the idea of the separation of powers/three branches of government?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

Locke and Rousseau

• famous democrats

• enlightenment philopshers

• political theorists

• popular soverign