MANAGEMENT_CHAPTER 2

Decision making begins with ________.

• selecting alternatives

• identifying decision criteria

• identifying a problem

• eliminating false alternatives

Which one of the following defines a problem in the decision-making process?

• a discrepancy between what exists and what the decision maker desires to exist

• a discrepancy between the ideal and the practical

• something that causes irritation

• something that calls for attention

To identify a problem, a manager ________.

• compares one set of standards or goals to a second set of standards or goals

• looks for unhappy customers

• uses intuition to see that things don't look right

• compares the current state of affairs with some standard or goal

The decision-making process consists of a series of eight steps that identify a problem and work toward ultimately ________.

• determining if there is a solution to the problem

• solving the problem

• making a plan to solve the problem

• breaking down the problem into a series of steps

A manager is determining what kind of new computers she should purchase for her department. She has made a list of five different computer models for consideration. Which stage of the decision-making process is this?

• selection of an alternative

• identification of decision criteria

• development of alternatives

• analysis of alternatives

After purchasing new computers for her department, a manager is now comparing the performance of the new computers to the computers they replaced. Which stage of the decision-making process is she carrying out?

• analysis of alternatives

• evaluation of decision effectiveness

• selection of an alternative

• implementation of an alternative

Because they are not systematic or comprehensive, using heuristics in place of an eight-step decision-making process can lead to ________.

• errors and biases

• consistently better decisions

• more imaginative decisions

• decisions that more directly solve problems

The three main models that managers use to make decisions are ________.

• rational, bounded rational, and intuitive

• rational, irrational, and bounded rational

• intuitive, unintuitive, and rational

• bounded rational, intuitive, and systematic

Which model of decision making takes advantage of unconscious reasoning?

• rational

• nonrational

• intuitive

• factual

Structured problems are ________.

• ambiguous

• undefined and vague

• clear and straightforward

• incomplete