Quiz about Unit 6: Clues to Earth's Past Unit Test Review

Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describes how absolute age differs from relative age?

Accepted Answer

Absolute age is the exact number of years since a rock or fossil formed, while relative age is the age of a rock or fossil compared to others.

Answer

Absolute age is the age of a rock or fossil compared to other rocks or fossils, while relative age is the exact number of years since the rock or fossil formed.

Answer

Absolute age refers to the appearance of a rock or fossil, while relative age refers to its location.

Answer

Absolute age and relative age are the same and can be used interchangeably.

Question 2

The Earth is estimated to be how old?

Accepted Answer

4.5 billion years old

Answer

4.5 million years old

Answer

6,000 years old

Answer

2,000 years

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Law of Superposition?

Accepted Answer

The youngest layers of rock are found at the top, while the oldest layers are at the bottom.

Answer

The oldest layers of rock are found at the top, while the youngest layers are at the bottom.

Answer

Layers of rock do not change over time.

Answer

All layers of rock are the same age, regardless of their position.

Question 4

If a scientist wants to correctly identify the relative age of a layer of sediment, which of the following is the best method to use?

Accepted Answer

Compare the sediment layer to others above and below it

Answer

Measure the temperature of the sediment

Answer

Use radiometric dating to measure the age of the sediment

Answer

Look for signs of erosion on the sediment surface

Question 5

What type of rock do fossils form in?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Classic

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Igneous

Question 6

Which of the following statements accurately describes a key characteristic of an index fossil?

Accepted Answer

An index fossil is used to help determine the relative age of rock layers and fossils.

Answer

An index fossil is found in only one specific layer of rock around the world.

Answer

An index fossil must be found in all rock layers in a particular region.

Answer

An index fossil can only be used to date fossils from the same species.

Question 7

In biology, what method is typically used to understand the relationship between two species in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Conducting field observations

Answer

Calculating chemical equations

Answer

Studying distant galaxies

Answer

Testing physical properties of minerals

Question 8

In the field of chemistry, how do scientists generally develop explanations for chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

By conducting controlled experiments

Answer

By analyzing literature

Answer

By collecting historical data

Answer

By observing wildlife

Question 9

Scientists use different types of investigations to develop scientific explanations. In which scenario did a scientist conduct an experiment with a control?

Accepted Answer

A scientist concluded that a new fertilizer doubled the growth of corn plants in a study.

Answer

A scientist determined the relative age of a fossil based on its position in a rock layer.

Answer

A scientist identified and classified a new species of fish in the Amazon River in South America.

Answer

A scientist discovered a new galaxy in space after analyzing images from the Hubble Space telescope.

Question 10

There are many different types of scientific investigations. In one type of investigation, all variables are kept the same except for one. What is this type of scientific investigation called?

Accepted Answer

controlled experiment

Answer

model

Answer

field study

Answer

systematic observation

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes The Geologic Time Scale?

Accepted Answer

The Geologic Time Scale divides Earth's history into different time periods, based on significant events and changes in the Earth's surface.

Answer

The Geologic Time Scale is a calendar used to measure the age of rocks and fossils in hours and days.

Answer

The Geologic Time Scale only includes the history of the most recent 100 years of Earth.

Answer

The Geologic Time Scale shows the exact date when the Earth was formed.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?

Accepted Answer

The fossil record provides evidence of Earth's past life forms and how they have changed over time.

Answer

The fossil record only includes fossils of plants, not animals.

Answer

The fossil record shows that no species has ever gone extinct.

Question 13

The Earth is as old as its oldest rocks.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 14

Which of these geological processes caused the formation of the Himalayas?

Accepted Answer

Tectonic plate collision

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Sediment being deposited over millions of years

Answer

Chemical and physical weathering

Question 15

Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift as a way to explain how the continents...

Accepted Answer

move across the Earth's surface

Answer

are fixed in place

Answer

are formed

Answer

disappear

Question 16

Why is the principle of superposition important to geologists who are trying to understand the evolution of Earth over time?

Accepted Answer

It indicates the relative ages of rock layers and the fossils in them.

Answer

It states that the composition of rock remains the same throughout the different geological periods.

Answer

It describes the evolution sequence as rocks are laid down side by side.

Answer

It describes the evolution of rocks as they go through the rock cycle.

Question 17

The picture below shows a river flowing through a canyon. What can you infer about how the canyon looked a thousand years ago?

Accepted Answer

The canyon was just as deep but had no water.

Accepted Answer

The canyon was much deeper than it is today.

Accepted Answer

The canyon was not as deep as it is today.

Question 18

What method do physicists often use to validate their theories about forces and motion?

Accepted Answer

Creating models and conducting experiments

Answer

Analyzing weather patterns

Answer

Observing plant growth

Answer

Studying fossils

Question 19

In environmental science, which method is most commonly used to assess the health of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring species populations

Answer

Calculating pH of the soil

Answer

Measuring temperature changes in metals

Answer

Studying ancient artifacts

Question 20

Why might a scientist choose to do fieldwork instead of a laboratory experiment?

Accepted Answer

She needs test conditions that replicate those found in nature.

Answer

She needs a large amount of control.

Answer

He needs to change one or more variables at a time.

Answer

He needs to make exact measurements using large equipment.

Question 21

15. Anton is a geologist. He wants to get the best possible information about lava flows from eruptions that are happening at some specific locations around the world. He wants to be able to vary what he studies based on his initial findings. Which type of investigation should Anton conduct?

Accepted Answer

D. Observational Investigation

Answer

A. Experimental Investigation

Answer

B. Descriptive Investigation

Answer

C. Comparative Investigation

Question 22

Which of the following is a method of gathering data?

Accepted Answer

a. a survey

Accepted Answer

b. fieldwork

Accepted Answer

c. library research

Accepted Answer

d. a laboratory investigation

Question 23

Which layer is the youngest?

Accepted Answer

F

Answer

A

Answer

Can not tell

Answer

They are all the same age.

Question 24

Which layer is younger than layer 4?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Question 25

The relative age of a rock is ______.

Accepted Answer

its age compared to the ages of other rocks

Answer

the number of years since the rock formed

Answer

its age based on how much carbon-14 the rock contains

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