Bioenergetics

Which of the following is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created or destroyed, but not transformed.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• The entropy of a system always decreases.

• The entropy of a system is constant.

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about entropy?

• Entropy of an isolated system always decreases.

• Entropy of an isolated system remains constant.

• Entropy of an isolated system always increases.

• Entropy of an isolated system can be created or destroyed.

Which of the following best describes anabolism in cell biology?

• The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.

• The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones.

• The conversion of energy into heat.

• The release of energy from chemical reactions.

Catabolic pathways are primarily involved in which of the following processes?

• Building up of proteins and nucleic acids.

• Breaking down of carbohydrates and lipids.

• Storage of energy in the form of ATP.

• Transport of molecules across cell membranes.

Which of the following statements is true about exergonic reactions?

• They require an input of energy.

• They release energy.

• They have a positive Gibbs free energy change.

• They are non-spontaneous.

Which of the following is a characteristic of catabolic reactions?

• They require energy input.

• They release energy.

• They are endothermic.

• They decrease entropy.

What is the high-energy bond in ATP?

• peptide

• glycosidic

• phosphoester

• phosphoanhydride

Which of the following statements about redox reactions is true?

• Reduction involves the loss of electrons.

• Oxidation involves the gain of electrons.

• Oxidation and reduction always occur together.

• Redox reactions do not occur in the citric acid cycle.