Unit 5 Cognition

Read the scenario given below and answer the question that follows. At a party, Mary meets new people. Later, she cannot recall the names of any of the new acquaintances despite recalling what she ate, her old friends who were present, and the host's address. What could account for Mary's inability to recall these people's names?

• She processed them into the long-term memory and hence they are no longer accessible from the short-term memory.

• She probably exceeded the capacity of her long-term memory as there were many activities at the party.

• She overlearned the names through excessive rehearsal.

• She never encoded the names into long-term memory.

Which term refers to the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it?

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing Effect

What is the term for the persistence of one's initial conceptions, even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited?

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing Effect

Which term refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how readily it comes to mind?

• Functional Fixedness

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Availability Heuristic

• Framing

Processes that involve changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language

• Constructs

• Cognitive Processes

• Pseudoscience

• Science

Which of the following kinds of psychologists would most likely explore how we process and remember information?

• Behavioral

• Developmental

• Social

• Cognitive

What is the term for the tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions?

• Framing Effect

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Belief Perseverance

What is the term for the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions?

• Framing

• Availability Heuristic

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Functional Fixedness

What is the term for the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses?

• A) Cognition

• B) Perception

• C) Emotion

• D) Sensation

Which cognitive process involves the ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations in our environment?

• A) Attention

• B) Memory

• C) Perception

• D) Learning