Chapter 7

The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called ________________.

• hindsight bias

• the misinformation effect

• phonemic memory

• a flashbulb memory

The process by which a norm becomes part of an individual's personality

• internalization

• sanction

• social control

• recidivism

Social scientists who study criminal behavior

• criminologist

• differential association

• stigma

• labeling theory

What is the term for the process by which a society's culture is passed down from one generation to the next?

• A) Cultural transmission

• B) Cultural diffusion

• C) Cultural assimilation

• D) Cultural integration

Which of the following is a primary function of social institutions?

• A) To provide entertainment

• B) To maintain social order

• C) To create economic disparity

• D) To promote individualism

What is the term for a system of social stratification based on ascribed status?

• A) Caste system

• B) Class system

• C) Meritocracy

• D) Oligarchy

Which concept refers to the ability to see the connection between personal experiences and larger social influences?

• A) Sociological imagination

• B) Socialization

• C) Social structure

• D) Social stratification

What is the term for a society's shared beliefs, values, and practices?

• A) Culture

• B) Norms

• C) Mores

• D) Folkways

Which of the following is an example of a social norm?

• A) Shaking hands when meeting someone

• B) Writing a novel

• C) Painting a landscape

• D) Inventing a new gadget

What is the term for the process by which individuals learn and adopt the values and norms of their culture?

• A) Socialization

• B) Acculturation

• C) Enculturation

• D) Assimilation