AP Psychology Learning

IN OPERANT CONDITIONING, WHAT IS AN EVENT THAT STRENGTHENS THE BEHAVIOR IT FOLLOWS?

• REINFORCMENT

• ACQUISITION

• EXTINCTION

• SHAPING

Which of the following is the best example of shaping?

• A child receives five dollars each time he cleans his room.

• An employee receives a termination notice after coming to work late every day over a period of three months

• A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times.

• A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday.

• A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage.

After helping clean the dinner table, a child is rewarded with ice cream. This is an example of…

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by punishment.

• classical conditioning

• modeling

• shaping

• operant conditioning

Provides reinforcers after an unpredictable number of responses

• fixed ratio schedule

• variable interval schedule

• variable ratio schedule

• fixed interval schedule

A sudden often novel (new) realization of the solution to a problem

• spontaneous recovery

• extinction

• insight learning

• modeling

Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).

• associative learning

• classical learning

• modelling

• shaping

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?

• A) Unconditioned Response

• B) Conditioned Response

• C) Unconditioned Stimulus

• D) Conditioned Stimulus

Which psychologist is best known for his work on classical conditioning with dogs?

• A) B.F. Skinner

• B) John Watson

• C) Ivan Pavlov

• D) Albert Bandura

What is the process of reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior called?

• A) Generalization

• B) Discrimination

• C) Shaping

• D) Extinction