Toulmin Model

Toulmin Model

• a set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument

• an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments

• uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute.

• evidence that disagrees with the counterclaim

Toulmin

• British philosopher credited with a method of analysis that uses claims, grounds, and warrants

warrant

• An assertion, usually supported by evidence

• explanation that links evidence to claim

• additional evidence and reasoning advanced to support a warrant

• evidence that disagrees with the counterclaim

The three "essential" components of the model are...

• the claim, backing, and warrants

• the claim, reasons and evidence, and warrants

• the warrants, the counterargument and rebuttal, and backing

• qualifiers, the claim, and reasons and evidence

Considering questions like "What are other views on this topic" and "How can I answer other views on this issue" would help one formulate what optional element of the Toulmin Model?

• The claim

• Qualifiers

• Value warrants

• Counterargument and rebuttal

The three "optional elements of the Toulmin argument are...

• qualifiers, backing, and the counterargument and rebuttal

• the warrants, backing, and the counterargument and rebuttal

• qualifiers, warrants, and reasons and evidence

• the claim, qualifiers, and reasons and evidence

If an author feels that audiences will not readily accept the underlying logic of his or her reasons or share his or her value warrants, then the author will likely want to create...

• qualifiers.

• a subclaim.

• backing

• a counterargument and refutation

Toulmin Model

• A) A method for structuring a narrative

• B) An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments

• C) A technique for improving vocabulary

• D) A style of literary criticism

Toulmin Model

• A) British philosopher known for his work on argumentation

• B) A famous English poet

• C) A renowned novelist

• D) A playwright

Toulmin Model

• A) The main point or thesis of an argument

• B) The evidence used to support a claim

• C) The explanation that links evidence to the claim

• D) The conclusion of an argument