Final revision

What is the primary purpose of attention in cognitive processes?

• To process all stimuli equally

• To allocate limited processing resources selectively

• To focus solely on sensory input

• To memorize information indefinitely

Which type of attention is consciously directed toward a goal?

• Exogenous attention

• Endogenous attention

• Reflexive attention

• Peripheral attention

__________ attention is driven by external stimuli and occurs automatically.

What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller?

• 5 ± 1 items

• 7 ± 2 items

• 9 ± 3 items

• 10 ± 4 items

Which memory type is associated with auditory sensory information?

• Iconic memory

• Echoic memory

• Explicit memory

• Procedural memory

What does the garden-path theory suggest about sentence processing?

• Sentences are processed in parallel

• Sentences are processed serially based on syntactic heuristics

• Sentences are processed only after they are fully read

• Sentences are processed based on semantics alone

What is the most common characteristic of garden-path sentences?

• They are semantically implausible

• They contain global ambiguity

• They lead the reader to an initial incorrect interpretation

• They require external context for interpretation

Which of the following is NOT a method used to measure processing difficulty?

• Eye-tracked reading times

• Self-paced reading

• Electrocardiography (ECG)

• Event-related potentials (ERPs)

What is the main focus of surprisal theory?

• The influence of visual context on processing

• The difficulty associated with integrating unexpected words

• The semantic interpretation of ambiguous sentences

• The frequency of subcategorization frames

What does the minimal attachment heuristic prefer?

• The interpretation with the least plausible meaning

• The interpretation requiring the fewest syntactic nodes

• The interpretation with the greatest contextual support

• The interpretation that maximizes semantic integration