Tropes

A scheme in which normal word order is changed for emphasis

• antithesis

• anastrophe

• verbal irony

• sarcasm

A trope in which human qualities or abilities are assigned to abstractions or inanimate objects

• anthropomorphism

• personification

• zoomorphism

• zeugma

We need voices. We need to stand up. We need to fight for a cause.

• epistrophe

• anastrophe

• anaphora

• litotes

When discussing writing: The pen has deep meaning.

• metonymy

• synecdoche

• zeugma

• litotes

one verb governs several words or clauses, each in a different sense.

• zeugma

• synecdoche

• metonymy

• anastrophe

What the audience knows something a character does not

• situational irony

• verbal irony

• dramatic irony

Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it

• zuegma

• metonymy

• anthimeria

• synechdoche

An address to an absent or imaginary person

• conceit

• metonomy

• personification

• apostrophe

The use of exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor

• sarcasm

• idiom

• hyperbole

• metonymy

An understatement, especially by negating the opposite (e.g. "She is not an unpopular woman.")

• similie

• oxymoron

• hyperbole

• litote