Types of Reasoning

Begins with a premise that is generally accepted as fact. The arguer leads from one premise to another premise until reaching a conclusion (claim). “If X is true and Y is true, then Z must also be true.”

• Deductive Reasoning

  
  

• Inductive Reasoning

  
  

• Author's Appeal

  
  

• Abductive Reasoning

  
  

Begins with a specific observation or a set of observations such as an experiment, a statistic, or a personal experience. The arguer then draws a more broad, generalized conclusion (makes a claim) based on the observation(s). In the past, ducks have come to the pond. Therefore, ducks will come to the pond this summer.

• Abductive Reasoning

• Inductive Reasoning

• Deductive Reasoning

• Author's Appeal

Begins with an often incomplete set of data or a specific observation. Then moves to the likeliest possible explanation for that data. Often used to make and test hypotheses using the best information available.

• Abductive Reasoning

  
  

• Author's Appeal

  
  

• Inductive Reasoning

  
  

• Deductive Reasoning

  
  

The Chargers lost their first game. Then they lost their second game. They will have a losing season.

• Abductive

• Inductive

• Deductive

Which form of reasoning starts with a general statement and concludes with a specific instance?

• Abductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• None of the above

Match the following examples with the proper reasoning:

• Deductive reasoning

• If we know X then we know Y, then probably Z is true

• Inductive reasoning

• If X is true, then Y, so Z must also be true.

• Abductive reasoning

• Observation of X (past), therefore Y (future)

All even numbers are divisible by two, therefore, 14 is divisible by two.  This is an example of

• Inductive reasoning

• Abductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Argument

Which type of logical reasoning begins with a premise and uses facts to deduce other facts?

• Deductive

• Inductive

• Abductive

• Predictive

All chickens that we have seen have been brown; so, all chickens are brown.

• Deductive

• Inductive

• Abductive

What is deductive reasoning?

• Reasoning from specific cases to general principles

• Reasoning from general principles to specific cases

• Reasoning based on assumptions

• Reasoning based on emotions

Answer explanation

Deductive reasoning involves starting with general principles and applying them to specific cases. This contrasts with inductive reasoning, which moves from specific instances to broader generalizations.

Tags

DOK Level 1: Recall