Human Body System Regents

Lymphatic capillaries are found throughout the body. Both the lymphatic and circulatory systems transport substances between the bloodstream and body tissues. These two systems are also involved in fighting infections. The arrows shown in the diagram that go from the blood capillaries to the interstitial fluid most likely represent the

• release of red blood cells, so that they can diffuse into body cells and fight bacteria

• movement of materials from the circulatory system that will eventually enter lymphatic capillaries

• transport of digestive enzymes from the blood to help with the digestion of glucose in muscle cells

• transport of glucose molecules from the blood to be used by cells to attack proteins and fats

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As blood glucose levels increase, hormones are released to return glucose levels to normal. This is an example of

• a nervous system disorder

• the synthesis of antibodies

• a stimulus and a response

• an antigen and antibody reaction

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

• When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

• As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

• A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

• After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

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Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

• using antibodies to cure a medical problem

• the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

• the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens

• a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection

What system is shown in the picture?

• Nervous System

• Circulatory System

• Muscular System

• Skeletal System

The diagram below represents changes that take place within the human body. The diagram represents

• cellular differentiation

• dynamic equilibrium

• gene interaction

• biological evolution

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Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful. Anhidrosis most directly interferes with

• a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis

• an immune system response to harmless antigens

• the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system

• the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells

Substance X directly supplies energy for various life functions, as shown in the diagram below. Which substance is represented by X in the diagram?

• ATP

• DNA

• starch

• glucose

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• F

• G

• H

• J

• A

• B

• C

• D

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