Lines of Defense

Which of the following are involved in the first line of defence?

• Skin

• Acid in the stomach

• Sweat and sebum oil

• Tears and ear wax

• White blood cell

How many lines of defence in our body?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which of the following is involved in the second line of defence?

• White blood cell

• Skin

• Tears

• Hydrochloric acid in stomach

Which of the following is a specific defense in the body?

• First line

• Second line

• Third line

How the first line of defense could fail? (3 answers)

• Blood vessel ruptures

• Lung cells exposed to pathogens

• Contact of fungus

• Crying or sweating

Which lines of defence involve non-specific responses?

• First and second lines of defence

• Third line of defence

• Only the first line of defence

• Only the second line of defence

Answer explanation

The first and second lines of defence involve non-specific responses to pathogens. The first line includes physical and chemical barriers, while the second line involves innate immune responses, both acting broadly against invaders.

What role do T lymphocytes play in the third line of defence?

• They directly attack infected cells.

• They produce antibodies.

• They act as a barrier to pathogens.

• They engulf and digest pathogens.

Answer explanation

T lymphocytes, or T cells, are crucial in the third line of defense as they directly attack infected cells, helping to eliminate pathogens. This distinguishes them from other immune responses like antibody production.

What is the role of the second line of defence in the immune system?

• To produce antibodies

• To create a physical barrier

• To initiate an inflammatory response

• To directly attack pathogens

Answer explanation

The second line of defence in the immune system primarily initiates an inflammatory response, which helps to contain and eliminate pathogens, unlike the first line that creates barriers or the third line that produces antibodies.

The body's FIRST lines of defense include:

• B cells

• Mucous Membranes

• Macrophages

• Leukocytes

Answer explanation

The body's first lines of defense include physical barriers like mucous membranes, which trap pathogens. B cells, macrophages, and leukocytes are part of the immune response that acts after these initial defenses.

Which of the following is the body’s first line of defense against disease?

• body immune system

• white blood cells

• antibodies

• skin