NC Biology Goal 4

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It maintains water balance.

• It maintains sugar balance in cells.

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

• They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

• They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity.

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

• the nitrogen base on the tRNA

• the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases

• the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

• the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water

• carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

• glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

• oxygen + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose

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Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water from the roots to the leaves in plants?

• A) Transpiration

• B) Photosynthesis

• C) Respiration

• D) Translocation

What is the main function of the xylem in vascular plants?

• A) Transporting water and minerals

• B) Transporting sugars and nutrients

• C) Storing energy

• D) Facilitating gas exchange

Which of the following best describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

• A) Absorbing light energy

• B) Transporting water

• C) Releasing oxygen

• D) Storing glucose

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6