AP Bio Unit 6 Biotechnology

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?

• methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails

• nucleotide excision and reconstruction

Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

• an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

• an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except

• a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

• all organisms have a common ancestor.

• DNA was the first genetic material.

• the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

• RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the coding (sense) strand

A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to a cell?

• intron

• exon

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Alternative RNA splicing

• is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.

• can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of proteinʹs activity?

• It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

• It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A frameshift mutation could result from

• a base insertion only.

• either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

• a base deletion only.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What does the operon model attempt to explain?

• the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria

• the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell