Physical Science Review

In order for a space shuttle to leave Earth, it must produce a great amount of thrust. Its rocket boosters create this thrusting force by burning great amounts of fuel. However, once in space, the shuttle needs very little fuel. It circles Earth while gravity pulls it toward Earth. What term describes the motion of the shuttle around Earth?

• orbit

• gravity

• inertia

• weight

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

One ball rolls along a shelf at a steady rate. A second ball rolls off the shelf and gains speed as it falls in a curved path. Which must have an unbalanced force acting on it?

• the ball that is rolling along the shelf

• the ball that is falling

• both balls

• neither ball

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Penny says that dust particles in space cannot be pulled together by the force of gravity because dust particles have very little mass. Ella says that as long as dust particles have mass at all, the force of gravity can pull dust particles toward each other. Which claim identifies who has the better argument and explains the reasoning?

• Penny, because objects with only a little mass are not affected by gravity.

• Penny, because dust particles in space are not orbiting Earth.

• Ella, because any two objects exert a gravitational force on each other.

• Ella, because objects with smaller mass have more gravity acting on them.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Luis is trying to push a box of new soccer balls across the floor. In the illustration, the arrow on the box is a vector representing the force that Luis exerts. If the box is not moving, which of the following claims is supported by the evidence?

• The box is exerting a larger force on Luis than he is exerting on the box.

• There is another force acting on the box that balances Luis’s force.

• Luis is applying a force that acts at a distance.

• There is no force of friction acting on the box.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What is the process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water called?

• Respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Fermentation

• Digestion

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What is the main difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

• Chemical changes are reversible, physical changes are not

• Physical changes create new substances, chemical changes do not

• Chemical changes create new substances, physical changes do not

• Physical changes involve energy, chemical changes do not

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?

• Color

• Density

• Flammability

• Melting point

What is the result of a chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda?

• Water

• Carbon dioxide gas

• Oxygen gas

• Hydrogen gas

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

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Ignacio uses a hammer to hit a nail into a board on the floor. How does gravity make it easier to hammer the nail?

• Gravity pushes the board up to help the nail go in.

• Gravity pulls the board and the nail toward each other.

• Gravity pulls the hammer down so that it pushes on the nail.

• Gravity pulls the nail down but does not pull on the hammer.

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What is weight?

• The speed of an object in a specific direction.

• The amount of stuff (matter) in an object.

• A push or a pull that can make an object move, stop, or change direction.

• How heavy an object is due to the pull of gravity.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4