SC.912.L.18

SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

• Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.

• Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

• Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

• Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

SC. 912.L.18.1 Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

• The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

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Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?

• The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.

• The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart

• The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C.

• The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?

• a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring.

• a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule

• a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycero

• a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the

  reaction

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Cells in the body use oxygen (O2) for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration?

• ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.

• ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.

• ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.

• ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.

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Plant cells have mitochondria, which use glucose to produce ATP. Where does the glucose originate?

• photosynthesis, which occurs in chloroplasts

• fermentation, which occurs in the absence of oxygen

• exocytosis, which transports the glucose into cells

• diffusion, which transports the glucose from the digestive tract

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Compared to the process of aerobic respiration, the process of anaerobic respiration provides which of these advantages to the cell?

• Anaerobic respiration can occur without ATP.

• Anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen.

• Anaerobic respiration can occur without glucose.

• Anaerobic respiration can occur without producing wastes.

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Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?

• Wax

• Nucleic acid

• Glucose

• Chlorophyll

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The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.

Which other molecule is a product of this process?

• DNA

• RNA

• C₆ H₁₂ O₆

• ATP

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