Biology Ohio EOC

Identical twin girls are separated at birth and cared for by two different families. After twenty years, the twins have different heights and weights. What is most likely the cause of these differences?

• One twin had a genetic condition that prevented her from growing tall.

• The DNA of one twin was different from the DNA of the other twin.

• Each twin was provided a different diet and physical activities.

• The proteins made by one twin were different that the proteins made by the other twin.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

• fatty acids

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• acetic acids

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Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

• DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins

• DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

• DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

• DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a a result of cellular respiration

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These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

• They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

• They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

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Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It maintains water balance.

• It maintains sugar balance in cells.

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The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity.

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water.

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