General Chemistry Review

During his experiments with gold foil, Ernest Rutherford observed that most of the positively-charged alpha particles fired at the foil passed completely through the foil following a straight-line path. Based on these observations, he inferred that each atom in the foil…

• was composed mostly of empty space.

• had a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

• contained negatively-charged electrons.

• contained positively-charged protons in the nucleus.

During his experiments with gold foil, Ernest Rutherford observed that a very small number of the positively-charged alpha particles fired at the foil were deflected at various angles from their normal straight-line paths through the foil. Based on these observations, he inferred that each atom in the foil…

• was composed mostly of empty space.

• had a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

• contained negatively-charged electrons.

• contained neutrally-charged particles in the nucleus.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Four statements about the development of the atomic model are shown below. Which order of statements represents the historical development of the atomic model?

• C → D → A → B

• D → B → C → A

• A → B → C → D

• B → A → D → C

Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of

• An uncharged nucleus

• Largely empty space

• Neutrons

• Protons

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NGSS.HS-PS1-3

Which of the following contains the greatest number of neutrons?

• Silicon-29

• Aluminum-29

• Phosphorus-30

• Magnesium-25

What was the original mass of a radioactive sample that decayed to 25 grams in four half-life periods?

• 50 g

• 100 g

• 200 g

• 400 g

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 minutes. If you start with 40g, what percent remains after 30 minutes?

• 10%

• 12.5%

• 25%

• 50%

Why do fusion reactions between two atoms require such high amounts of energy?

• The nuclei of the two atoms attract each other because they have like charges.

• The nuclei of the two atoms attract each other because they have unlike charges.

• The nuclei of the two atoms repel each other because they have like charges.

• The nuclei of the two atoms repel each other because they have unlike charges.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which sublevel contains the fewest number of electrons?

• 3p

• 3d

• 4s

• 4p

What is a correct electron configuration for Krypton, Kr?

• [Kr]

• [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

• [Ar]4s²4d¹⁰4p⁶

• [Zn]4p⁶

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1