General Chemistry Review

Which statement explains why helium is included with the other Group 18 elements?

• Helium is a gas at STP.

• Helium has a low melting point.

• Helium atoms have a stable valence electron configuration.

• Helium atoms have eight valence electrons.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Which list represents the classification of the elements nitrogen, neon, magnesium, and silicon, respectively?

• Metal, metalloid, nonmetal, noble gas

• Nonmetal, noble gas, metal, metalloid

• Nonmetal, metalloid, noble gas, metal

• Noble gas, metal, metalloid, nonmetal

What property do the halogens have in common?

• a. They have a filled valence shell.

• b. They only have one valence electron.

• c. They have room for one more electron in their valence shell.

• d. They readily lose one electron to form ions with a 1+ charge.

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What is true as you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table?

• Oxidation numbers become more positive.

• Metallic character decreases.

• Atomic size increases.

• Electronegativity decreases.

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Which of the following elements has the greatest ionization energy?

• Oxygen

• Sodium

• Chlorine

• Neon

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Using the elements from the previous question (O, Na, Cl, Ne), which of the following best explains why this element has the greatest ionization energy?

• The attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons is strongest.

• The attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons is weakest.

• Atoms of this element have a greater number of valence electrons.

• Atoms of this element have fewer valence electrons.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a cation?

• Oxygen

• Iron

• Carbon

• Helium

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Using the elements (O, Fe, C, He), which of the following best explains why this element is most likely to be a cation?

• It has the lowest ionization energy.

• It has the strongest nucleus.

• It has the smallest atomic radius.

• It is the most electronegative.

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Why does atomic radius increase as you move from top to bottom of a group?

• Effective nuclear charge decreases.

• Effective nuclear charge increases.

• The number of occupied electron shells decreases.

• The number of occupied electron shells increases.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Why do covalent compounds have low melting points compared to ionic compounds?

• They have stronger chemical bonds between the atoms.

• They have weaker chemical bonds between the atoms.

• They are held together by weaker intermolecular forces instead of strong intramolecular bonds.

• They are held together by stronger intermolecular forces instead of weak intramolecular bonds.